Investigation of Traffic Signs Understanding - Eye Tracking Case Study

Traffic signs as part of traffic control plan inform traffic participants about road conditions, dangers, limitations and other information needed for their safety on the road. The meaning of traffic signs is defined by their shape, colour and symbol. The quality of the symbol design, manifested in its simplicity and clarity, can influence the understanding of the traffic signs thus affecting the perception. The aim of the study is to investigate, using eye tracking system, the understanding of warning and mandatory signs based on relevant and measurable eye movements: total visit duration, visit count, average fixation duration and fixation count. It was found that the participants, in order to understand signs, tend to detain longer, more often look back and have more fixations on signs whose meaning is not understood. The results also show that more experienced drivers usually base their understanding on experience thus understanding faster and with less number of fixations as opposed to younger drivers

Enumeration of Kekule Structures In One-dimensional Polymers

One-dimensional polymer refers here to a polymer with a variable size in only one dimension. A new method for enumeration of Kekule structures in such polymeric conjugated hydrocarbons is presented. It is quite general, but still efficient and simple to use. It is especially useful for evaluation of the Kekule structure count, K, in polymers with regular structure, i. e. in those built up of equal monomers with uniform linking. In this case the method gives a recurrence relation and an explicit formula which enable the calculation of Kfor any number of monomers constituting the given polymer. Systems with more or less complex regularity, as well as those with some defect in structure, may also be successfully treated. The possibilities of application are demonstrated on several examples, and some specific details, e. g. the lowest order of recursion, are discussed

Liberating Narratives – Museums and Web 2.0

The paper attempts to put into relation the social web environment and museums. In a retrospective view on the formation and dissemination of knowledge in museums, discernible are several stages also connected to the public access and the social role of these cultural institutions. The virtual environment is seen yet as another stage which with the Web 2.0 technologies creates possibilities for a redefined role of the museum at a more socially profound level that might be characterized as multivocal and collaborative

Interpretation at Special Places: Mirogoj Cemetery

AbstractCemeteries are one of the most important examples of open-air museums as their headstones, sculptures and architecture reflect social, cultural and historical development of cities. The best known Croatian cemetery is Mirogoj, located in Zagreb. It represents an important part of Zagreb's cultural attractions, regarded as one of the most visited tourist destination. In addition to extremely valuable architecture and monuments it is interesting because many significant people have its final resting place there. However, although well-known and visited place heritage interpretation is non-existing. Thus we, students, dedicated our project to this subject, suggesting themed tours and virtual interpretation centre that would ensure a better understanding and proper presentation to tourists and to the local community. Since cemeteries include rather delicate stories any intervention or interpretation must be carefully planned, balancing respect but provoking interest and curiosity

PACKAGING PROBLEMS IN THE MODERN WORLD

Danas se problem zbrinjavanja ambalaže, kao jedan od najvećih izazova suvremenog društva uz političku i gospodarsku nestabilnost, rješava na svjetskoj razini. Iako je ambalaža zamišljena i u početku se proizvodila s osnovnom namjenom da zaštiti sadržaj od svih oštećenja, s vremenom se transformirala u sredstvo reklamiranja proizvoda koji je u njoj, omogućuje brže rukovanje robom u transportu i trgovini, ali i kod krajnjih kupaca. Predstavljena je i kao estetski uradak koji ima zadaću privlačenja kupaca. Svi su ti zadaci ambalaže donekle usklađeni, no problemi se pojavljuju nakon njezine upotrebe. Troše se milijuni kako bi se ambalaža, stoljećima odbacivana, danas na najprikladniji način uklonila iz okoliša, bez posljedica za zdravlje i prirodu, uz očuvanje energetskih resursa cijelog planeta.In modern times the problem of packaging has become almost as significant as the political and financial instability and is dealt with at the global level. Initially, packaging was designed and produced to prevent any damage to its content, but nowadays it is also used for marketing purposes and to ensure quick handling in stores, during transport or in the hands of end users. It is also aesthetically appealing, to attract consumers. Everything is nicely synchronised, but after packaging has served its purpose, nobody knows how to manage it. Millions are spend to safely remove packaging, developed throughout centuries, from the environment and to safeguard human health, the scenery and world energy resources in the process

Najbolji u baštini 2004.: interaktivno izdanje

interaktivno DVD izdanje The Best in Heritage 2004 u potpunosti i vjerno prati događaj u Dubrovniku, nudeći obilje informacija o 29 projekata predstavljenih putem videosnimaka u punom trajanju te potpunim prikazom svih slajdova i tekstova istodobno ostavljajući korisniku potpunu slobodu izbora sadržaja. Nudeći iznimno bogat uvid u najrecentniju praksu i teoriju, DVD je izvrstan proizvod za učenje i profesionalno usavršavanje, ali i za uživanje u razgledavanju "najboljih od najboljih" iz svijeta baštine

The Impact of Mobile Phone Use on Young Drivers\u27 Driving Behaviour and Visual Scanning of the Environment

Driver distraction has been identified as a contributing factor to road crashes, among which the most common is the use of mobile phones while driving. For this reason, the aim of this paper is to analyse the behaviour of young drivers while they use mobile phones (answering a telephone call, texting, and browsing the internet) and drive in a simulated urban environment. In total 28 volunteers participated in the study. Several variables were recorded for each participant: driving speed, acceleration, deceleration, and eye movement. The results show that the difference in driving speed, acceleration, and deceleration was relatively small for each task and for the control condition (no use of mobile phone). However, when looking at the total time required for conducting each task, participants spent 26.44% of the time looking at the phone when texting, 37.01% when browsing the internet, and 2.27% when talking on the phone. In addition, participants viewed on average 66.45% traffic signs when distracted, compared to 79.22% during undistracted driving. Based on the results, a proactive approach to reduce the problem related to the use of mobile phones while driving is proposed

Story Sharing – Model of Collective Collaboration in Online Museum Environment

The need for a more pronounced role of museums in today’s democratic and heterogeneous society has led to a change of the institutional framework which have now come to include voices of all those who have been underrepresented in museums. The new museum needs to pluralize the range of possible meanings by accepting views and interpretation not only of curators but museums users as well. However, museums have been reluctant to adopt new approaches in their work. The paper therefore suggests a more acceptable, on-line model which allows for multivocal interpretations of museum material by connecting the museum data base and web 2.0 applications. The usual repository of actions facilitated by on-line social networks is mostly reserved for web sites outside the direct museum’s digital realm. Conversely, the web service presented in this paper supports participative activities on the very museum web site by allowing users to engage with museums’ collection. The collection in the form of a digital catalogue can thus serve either as a source or inspiration for individual interpretation. Both choosing museum objects from the on-line catalogue and publishing extra-museum material in different media in order to contextualize the object and create stories builds a two- way communication between curators and actively participating users which is presented to all other types of online users. User-generated content is here seen as a possible influence on the actual institutional policies, namely, collecting, research, exhibiting practices, giving relevance to certain topics etc. By allowing active participation in the creation of meaning, de-authorizing the museum, and at the same time creating a massive depository of heritage information, this model contributes to the paradigmatic shift that has been indicated in the museum world in the last ten years

Impact of Road Marking Retroreflectivity on Machine Vision in Dry Conditions: On-Road Test

(1) Background: Due to its high safety potential, one of the most common ADAS technologies is the lane support system (LSS). The main purpose of LSS is to prevent road accidents caused by road departure or entrance in the lane of other vehicles. Such accidents are especially common on rural roads during nighttime. In order for LSS to function properly, road markings should be properly maintained and have an adequate level of visibility. During nighttime, the visibility of road markings is determined by their retroreflectivity. The aim of this study is to investigate how road markings’ retroreflectivity influences the detection quality and the view range of LSS. (2) Methods: An on-road investigation comprising measurements using Mobileye and a dynamic retroreflectometer was conducted on four rural roads in Croatia. (3) Results: The results show that, with the increase of markings’ retroreflection, the detection quality and the range of view of Mobileye increase. Additionally, it was determined that in “ideal” conditions, the minimal value of retroreflection for a minimum level 2 detection should be above 55 mcd/lx/m(2) and 88 mcd/lx/m(2) for the best detection quality (level 3). The results of this study are valuable to researchers, road authorities and policymakers

Research on adhesive joint strength dependency on loose leaf position in a text block

Ovaj rad bavi se problematikom uvezivanja papira, prilikom korištenja "perfect binding" tehnike uvezivanja. Promjena čvrstoće uvezivanja pojavljuje se kao posljedica karakteristične krutosti ljepila. Procjena čvrstoće spoja provedena je mjerenjem sile kidanja pojedinačnog lista papira i vizualnom vrednovanjem. Određeni broj pojedinačnih listova papira su međusobno povezani preko linije veza u meko uvezanu lijepljenu knjigu. O njihovom međusobnom povezivanju raspravlja se kroz termin djelovanja sile adhezije između taljivog ljepila i papira kao podloge. Jakost djelovanja sile adhezije na graničnoj površini izravno se odnosi na čvrstoću slijepljenog spoja. Istraživanja potvrđuju kako položaj pojedinačnog lista papira u knjižnom bloku ima snažan utjecaj na promjenu rezultata čvrstoće slijepljenog spoja, iako ostale nezavisne varijable (svojstava papira i ljepila, proces uvezivanja) imaju značajan utjecaj na mehaničku izdržljivost meko uvezane lijepljene knjige. Stoga su obuhvaćeni rezultati mjerenja svojstava papira. Rezultati analize čvrstoće slijepljenog spoja izvedeni su statističkom regresijskom metodom. Glavna svrha rada je odrediti ovisnost čvrstoće slijepljenog spoja o položaju pojedinačnog lista papira u knjižnom bloku.This paper deals with the binding ability of commercial high grade paper used in a perfect binding process. The adhesive binding strength changes happen as a consequence of adhesive rigid characteristics. Paperback bond strength evaluation is performed by pull-test measurement and visual assessment. Paperback contains a number of the loose leaves\u27 binding edges that are bonded into assembly. The bonded assembly is discussed in terms of adhesion between hot-melt adhesive and paper (substrate). Adhesion strength within the inter phase includes the terms of adhesive joint strength. The research shows that a loose leaf position in a text block has a strong influence on adhesive joint strength changes, although other independent variables (paper and adhesive properties, binding process) have significant impact on the paperback mechanical durability. For this reason measurements of paper properties were included. The adhesive joint strength analysis results were obtained by the statistical regression method. The main goal of the paper is to determine the adhesive joint strenght dependency on a loose leaf position in the text block